Title | GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Authors | Rietveld, CA, Medland, SE, Derringer, J, Yang, J, Esko, T, Martin, NW, Westra, H-J, Shakhbazov, K, Abdellaoui, A, Agrawal, A, Albrecht, E, Alizadeh, BZ, Amin, N, Barnard, J, Baumeister, SE, Benke, KS, Bielak, LF, Boatman, JA, Boyle, PA, Davies, G, de Leeuw, C, Eklund, N, Evans, DS, Ferhmann, R, Fischer, K, Gieger, C, Gjessing, HK, Hägg, S, Harris, JR, Hayward, C, Holzapfel, C, Ibrahim-Verbaas, CA, Ingelsson, E, Jacobsson, B, Joshi, PK, Jugessur, A, Kaakinen, MA, Kanoni, S, Karjalainen, J, Kolcic, I, Kristiansson, K, Kutalik, Z, Lahti, J, Lee, SH, Lin, P, Lind, PA, Liu, Y, Lohman, K, Loitfelder, M, McMahon, G, Vidal, PMarques, Meirelles, O, Milani, L, Myhre, R, Nuotio, M-L, Oldmeadow, CJ, Petrovic, KE, Peyrot, WJ, Polasek, O, Quaye, L, Reinmaa, E, Rice, JP, Rizzi, TS, Schmidt, H, Schmidt, R, Smith, AVernon, Smith, JA, Tanaka, T, Terracciano, A, van der Loos, MJHM, Vitart, V, Völzke, H, Wellmann, J, Yu, L, Zhao, W, Allik, J, Attia, JR, Bandinelli, S, Bastardot, F, Beauchamp, JP, Bennett, DA, Berger, K, Bierut, L, Boomsma, DI, Bültmann, U, Campbell, H, Chabris, CF, Cherkas, L, Chung, MK, Cucca, F, de Andrade, M, de Jager, PL, De Neve, J-E, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, G, Deloukas, P, Dimitriou, M, Eiríksdóttir, G, Elderson, MF, Eriksson, JG, Faul, J, Ferrucci, L, Garcia, ME, Grönberg, H, Guðnason, V, Hall, P, Harris, JM, Harris, TB, Hastie, ND, Heath, AC, Hernandez, DG, Hoffmann, W, Hofman, A, Holle, R, Holliday, EG, Hottenga, J-J, Iacono, WG, Illig, T, Järvelin, M-R, Kähönen, M, Kaprio, J, Kirkpatrick, RM, Kowgier, M, Latvala, A, Launer, LJ, Lawlor, DA, Lehtimäki, T, Li, J, Lichtenstein, P, Lichtner, P, Liewald, DC, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PKE, Mäkinen, TE, Masala, M, McGue, M, Metspalu, A, Mielck, A, Miller, MB, Montgomery, GW, Mukherjee, S, Nyholt, DR, Oostra, BA, Palmer, LJ, Palotie, A, Penninx, BWJH, Perola, M, Peyser, PA, Preisig, M, Räikkönen, K, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Ring, SM, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Rustichini, A, Salomaa, V, Sarin, A-P, Schlessinger, D, Scott, RJ, Snieder, H, St Pourcain, B, Starr, JM, Sul, JHoon, Surakka, I, Svento, R, Teumer, A, Tiemeier, H, van Rooij, FJA, Van Wagoner, DR, Vartiainen, E, Viikari, J, Vollenweider, P, Vonk, JM, Waeber, G, Weir, DR, Wichmann, H-E, Widen, E, Willemsen, G, Wilson, JF, Wright, AF, Conley, DC, Davey-Smith, G, Franke, LL, Groenen, PJF, Hofman, A, Johannesson, M, Kardia, SLR, Krueger, RF, Laibson, DI, Martin, NG, Meyer, MN, Posthuma, D, A. Thurik, R, Timpson, NJ, Uitterlinden, AG, van Duijn, CM, Visscher, PM, Benjamin, DJ, Cesarini, D, Koellinger, PD |
Corporate Authors | LifeLines Cohort Study |
Journal | Science |
Volume | 340 |
Issue | 6139 |
Pagination | 1467-71 |
Date Published | 2013 Jun 21 |
ISSN Number | 1095-9203 |
Keywords | Cognition, Educational Status, Endophenotypes, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide |
Abstract | A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics. |
DOI | 10.1126/science.1235488 |
User Guide Notes | |
Alternate Journal | Science |
Citation Key | 8620 |
PubMed ID | 23722424 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3751588 |
Grant List | ETM/55 / / Chief Scientist Office / United Kingdom CZB/4/710 / / Chief Scientist Office / United Kingdom K05 AA017688 / AA / NIAAA NIH HHS / United States DA13240 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States G0600705 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom DA029377 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States R01 AA009367 / AA / NIAAA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG009740 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States AA09367 / AA / NIAAA NIH HHS / United States MC_UU_12013/3 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom P01 GM099568 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States R01 AA011886 / AA / NIAAA NIH HHS / United States P01 CA089392 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States MH016880 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States MR/K026992/1 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom U01 DA024417 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States R01 HL090620 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States R01 HL105756 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States Z01 AG001050-01 / / Intramural NIH HHS / United States MC_PC_15018 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom MC_UU_12013/1 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom R01 HL111314 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States DA05147 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States ZIA AG000196-03 / / Intramural NIH HHS / United States R01 MH066140 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States MC_UU_12013/4 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom MC_PC_U127561128 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom T32 MH016880 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States T32-AG000186-23 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States MH066140 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States F31 DA029377 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States P01-AG005842 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States G0700704 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom P30-AG012810 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States BB/F019394/1 / / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / United Kingdom P01 AG005842 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States AA11886 / AA / NIAAA NIH HHS / United States R37 DA005147 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States MC_UU_12013/5 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom DA024417 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States P30 AG012810 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States T32 AG000186 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P01-AG005842-20S2 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States ZIA AG000196-04 / / Intramural NIH HHS / United States G9815508 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom R01 DA013240 / DA / NIDA NIH HHS / United States |