@article {10712, title = {Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, volume = {50}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 07 23}, pages = {1112-1121}, abstract = {

Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3\% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11-13\% of the variance in educational attainment and 7-10\% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Educational Status, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multifactorial Inheritance, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide}, issn = {1546-1718}, doi = {10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3}, author = {Lee, James J and Wedow, Robbee and Okbay, Aysu and Kong, Edward and Maghzian, Omeed and Zacher, Meghan and Nguyen-Viet, Tuan Anh and Bowers, Peter and Sidorenko, Julia and Richard Karlsson Linn{\'e}r and Mark Alan Fontana and Kundu, Tushar and Lee, Chanwook and Hui Liu and Li, Ruoxi and Royer, Rebecca and Pascal N Timshel and Walters, Raymond K and Willoughby, Emily A and Yengo, Loic and Alver, Maris and Bao, Yanchun and Clark, David W and Day, Felix R and Furlotte, Nicholas A and Joshi, Peter K and Kathryn E Kemper and Kleinman, Aaron and Langenberg, Claudia and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Joey W Trampush and Verma, Shefali Setia and Wu, Yang and Lam, Max and Jing Hua Zhao and Zheng, Zhili and Jason D Boardman and Campbell, Harry and Freese, Jeremy and Kathleen Mullan Harris and Caroline Hayward and Herd, Pamela and Kumari, Meena and Lencz, Todd and Luan, Jian{\textquoteright}an and Anil K. Malhotra and Andres Metspalu and Lili Milani and Ong, Ken K and Perry, John R B and David J Porteous and Ritchie, Marylyn D and Smart, Melissa C and Smith, Blair H and Tung, Joyce Y and Wareham, Nicholas J and James F Wilson and Jonathan P. Beauchamp and Dalton C Conley and T{\~o}nu Esko and Lehrer, Steven F and Patrik K E Magnusson and Oskarsson, Sven and Pers, Tune H and Matthew R Robinson and Thom, Kevin and Watson, Chelsea and Chabris, Christopher F and Meyer, Michelle N and David I Laibson and Yang, Jian and Johannesson, Magnus and Philipp D Koellinger and Turley, Patrick and Peter M Visscher and Daniel J. Benjamin and Cesarini, David} }