@article {8391,
	title = {Epidemiology of Mixed, Stress, and Urgency Urinary Incontinence in Middle-Aged/Older Women: the Importance of Incontinence History},
	journal = {International Urogynecology Journal},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {763-772},
	publisher = {27},
	abstract = {Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is common and the relationship among its subtypes complex. Our objective was to describe the natural history and predictors of the incontinence subtypes stress, urgency, and mixed, in middle-aged and older US women. We tested our hypothesis that UI subtype history predicted future occurrence, evaluating subtype incidence/remission over multiple time points in a stable cohort of women. Methods We analyzed longitudinal urinary incontinence data in 10,572 community-dwelling women aged  50 in the 2004 2010 Health and Retirement Study. Mixed, stress, and urgency incontinence prevalence (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010) and 2-year cumulative incidence and remissions (2004 2006, 2006 2008, 2008 2010) were estimated. Patient characteristics and incontinence subtype status 2004 2008 were entered into a multivariable, transition model to determine predictors for incontinence subtype occurrence in 2010. Results The prevalence of each subtype in this population (median age 63 66) was 2.6 8.9  . Subtype incidence equaled 2.1 3.5   and remissions for each varied between 22.3 and 48.7  . Incontinence subtype incidence predictors included ethnicity/race, age, body mass index, and functional limitations. Compared with white women, black women had decreased odds of incident stress incontinence and Hispanic women had increased odds of stress incontinence remission. The age range 80 90 and severe obesity predicted incident mixed incontinence. Functional limitations predicted mixed and urgency incontinence. The strongest predictor of incontinence subtype was subtype history. The presence of the respective incontinence subtypes in 2004 and 2006 strongly predicted 2010 recurrence (odds ratio  OR  stress incontinence = 30.7, urgency OR = 47.4, mixed OR = 42.1). Conclusions Although the number of remissions was high, a previous history of incontinence subtypes predicted recurrence. Incontinence status is dynamic, but tends to recur over the longer term.},
	keywords = {Health Conditions and Status, Methodology},
	doi = {10.1007/s00192-015-2888-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-015-2888-1},
	author = {Yuko M Komesu and Ronald M Schrader and Loren H Ketai and Rebecca G Rogers and Gena C. Dunivan}
}
