@article {9887,
	title = {Comparing Estimates of Fall-Related Mortality Incidence Among Older Adults in the United States},
	journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series A},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {Background
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related mortality among older adults in the United States, but incidence and risk factors for fall-related mortality remain poorly understood. This study compared fall-related mortality incidence rate estimates from a nationally representative cohort with those from a national vital record database and identified correlates of fall-related mortality.

Methods
Cause-of-death data from the National Death Index (NDI; 1999{\textendash}2011) were linked with eight waves from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a representative cohort of U.S. older adults (N = 20,639). Weighted fall-related mortality incidence rates were calculated and compared with estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vital record data. Fall-related deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases (Version 10) codes. Person-time at risk was calculated from HRS entry until death or censoring. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify individual-level factors associated with fall-related deaths.

Results
The overall incidence rate of fall-related mortality was greater in HRS{\textendash}NDI data (51.6 deaths per 100,000; 95\% confidence interval: 42.04, 63.37) compared with CDC data (42.00 deaths per 100,000; 95\% confidence interval: 41.80, 42.19). Estimated differences between the two data sources were greater for men and adults aged 85 years and older. Greater age, male gender, and self-reported fall history were identified as independent risk factors for fall-related mortality.

Conclusion
Incidence rates based on aggregate vital records may substantially underestimate the occurrence of and risk for fall-related mortality differentially in men, minorities, and relatively younger adults. Cohort-based estimates of individual fall-related mortality risk are important supplements to vital record estimates.},
	keywords = {Falls, Mortality, Risk Factors},
	issn = {1079-5006},
	doi = {10.1093/gerona/gly250},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article/doi/10.1093/gerona/gly250/5144627http://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/gerona/gly250/26613013/gly250.pdf},
	author = {Matthew C. Lohman and Amanda Sonnega and Emily J Nicklett and Estenson, Lillian and Amanda N Leggett}
}
