@article {13793, title = {Physical, cognitive, and social activities as mediators between personality and cognition: evidence from four prospective samples.}, journal = {Aging \& Mental Health}, year = {Forthcoming}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined how activity engagement mediates the association between personality and cognition.

METHODS: Participants were middle-aged and older adults (Age range: 24-93 years; > 16,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study, the Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of Aging. In each sample, personality traits and demographic factors were assessed at baseline, engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities was assessed in a second wave, and cognition was measured in a third wave, 8 to 20 years later.

RESULTS: Random-effect meta-analyses indicated that lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were prospectively associated with better cognition. Most of these associations were partly mediated by greater engagement in physical and cognitive activities but not social activities. Physical activity accounted for 7\% (neuroticism) to 50\% (extraversion) and cognitive activity accounted for 14\% (neuroticism) to 45\% (extraversion) of the association with cognition.

CONCLUSION: The present study provides replicable evidence that physical and cognitive activities partly mediate the prospective association between personality traits and cognitive functioning.

}, keywords = {activities, Aging, Cognition, lifestyle, longitudinal, Personality}, issn = {1364-6915}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2024.2320135}, author = {Stephan, Yannick and Sutin, Angelina R and Luchetti, Martina and Aschwanden, Damaris and Terracciano, Antonio} } @article {13626, title = {Personality and Cognition: The Mediating Role of Inflammatory Markers.}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology, Series B}, volume = {79}, year = {2024}, pages = {gbad152}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: Five-Factor Model personality traits are associated consistently with cognition. Inflammation has been hypothesized as a biological pathway in this association, but this assumption has yet to be tested. The present study tested inflammatory markers as mediators between personality traits and cognition.

METHODS: Participants were from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N= 4,364; 60\% women; Mean age= 64.48 years, SD= 8.79). Personality traits and demographic factors were assessed in 2010/2012. Data on inflammatory markers [High Sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor 1 (sTNFR1), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1] were obtained in 2016 from the HRS Venuous Blood Study. Cognition was assessed in 2020 using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm).

RESULTS: Higher neuroticism was related to lower cognition at follow-up, whereas higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with better cognition. Higher extraversion and higher conscientiousness were related to lower hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1, and higher openness was associated with lower IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1 and to higher sTGF-β1. Lower sTNFR1 partially mediated the associations between conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness and cognition at follow-up, explaining an estimated 4 to 12\% of these associations. The mediating role of sTNFR1 persisted when physical activity and depressive symptoms were included as additional mediators.

CONCLUSION: The present study provides new evidence on personality and inflammatory markers. Consistent with the inflammation hypothesis, the sTNFR1 finding supports a potential biological pathway between personality and cognition.

}, keywords = {Cognition, Inflammation, longitudinal, Personality}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbad152}, author = {Stephan, Yannick and Sutin, Angelina R and Luchetti, Martina and Aschwanden, Damaris and Terracciano, Antonio} } @article {JOSHANLOO2024112609, title = {Within-person associations between personality traits and loneliness controlling for negative affect}, journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, volume = {223}, year = {2024}, pages = {112609}, abstract = {Despite cross-sectional evidence of significant associations between loneliness and the Big Five personality traits, elucidating the directionality of these associations requires further longitudinal investigation. To address this gap, the present study examined the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and personality traits, controlling for negative affect. Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2012, 2016, and 2020 (N~=~9671). The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used, enabling the examination of within-person associations. Results showed that loneliness predicted subsequent declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Furthermore, neuroticism was found to be a positive predictor of future loneliness, whereas the other personality traits were negative predictors. In addition, negative affect had bidirectional associations with neuroticism and predicted future loneliness. Overall, these results show that these variables are unidirectionally or bidirectionally linked at the within-person level. These findings also highlight the need for multifaceted interventions that include a range of approaches, such as promoting positive personality traits, managing negative affect, and enhancing social skills.}, keywords = {Big Five, Loneliness, longitudinal, Negative affect, personality trait, RI-CLPM}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2024.112609}, author = {Mohsen Joshanloo} } @article {12737, title = {The Mediating Role of Biomarkers in the Association between Subjective Aging and Episodic Memory.}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology, Series B }, volume = {78}, year = {2023}, pages = {242-252}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: Subjective aging, indexed by subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA), is consistently related to cognition in adulthood. The present study examined whether blood biomarkers mediate the longitudinal associations between subjective aging indices and memory.

METHODS: Data of 5,369 individuals aged 50 to 94 years (Mean= 66.89 years, SD= 9.22; 60\% women) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Subjective age, SPA, and demographic factors were assessed in 2012/2014. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, albumin, cystatin C, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), fasting glucose, Vitamin D, hemoglobin, red cells distribution width, and epigenetic aging were assessed as part of the HRS Venuous Blood Study in 2016. Memory was measured in 2018. The mediators (except for epigenetic aging, which was assessed in a subsample) were tested simultaneously in models that accounted for demographic covariates.

RESULTS: An older subjective age was related to worse memory partially through higher fasting glucose, higher cystatin C, higher NT-proBNP, and accelerated epigenetic aging. Negative SPA were related to worse memory through lower Vitamin D3, higher fasting glucose, higher cystatin C, higher NT-proBNP, and accelerated epigenetic aging. The biomarkers explained between 2\% and 10\% of subjective age and between 1\% and 8\% of SPA associations with memory. Additional analysis revealed that biomarkers continued to be significant mediators when physical inactivity and depressive symptoms were included as additional mediators.

CONCLUSION: The present study adds to existing research on the association between subjective aging and memory by providing new evidence on the biological mediators of this association.

}, keywords = {biological factors, longitudinal, mechanisms, Memory, self-perceptions of aging, Subjective age}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbac155}, author = {Stephan, Yannick and Sutin, Angelina R and Luchetti, Martina and Aschwanden, Damaris and Terracciano, Antonio} } @article {12077, title = {Change in Episodic Memory with Spousal Loss: The Role of Social Relationships.}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology, Series B }, volume = {77}, year = {2022}, pages = {683-694}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: The spousal relationship is one of the most important social contexts in old age and the loss of a spouse/partner is associated with stress and cognitive decline. In the present study, we examined whether social relationships can buffer potential negative effects of spousal loss on cognition. We examined the role of social network, social activities, and perceived deficiencies in social relationships (loneliness).

METHOD: We used longitudinal data between 1998-2012 from 2,077 participants of the Health and Retirement Study, who had experienced spousal loss during the study period. Multilevel modeling was used to examine how time-varying indicators of social network, social activities, and loneliness were related to age-related trajectories of episodic memory prior to and after spousal loss. Analyses controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, education, time-varying functional health and being re-partnered/re-married.

RESULTS: Having children living within 10 miles and providing help to others buffered negative effects of widowhood on episodic memory. In addition, within-person increase in providing help to others buffered against decline in episodic memory after spousal loss. Having friends in the neighborhood, more frequent social visits, providing help to others, volunteering, and lack of loneliness were related to higher episodic memory, while having relatives in the neighborhood was related to lower episodic memory.

DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that social networks, social activities, and loneliness are related to levels of cognitive function at the time of spousal loss and that social relationships can buffer negative effects of spousal loss on cognitive function. Implications for future research are discussed.

}, keywords = {Episodic Memory, longitudinal, Social Relationships, Spousal loss, Widowhood}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbab231}, author = {H{\"u}l{\"u}r, Gizem and Elayoubi, Joanne and Nelson, Monica E and William E. Haley} } @article {12580, title = {A Large-Scale Prospective Study on Functional Ability and Mortality Following Stroke Based on HRS Data Set: Implications for Rehabilitation.}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {13}, year = {2022}, pages = {915653}, abstract = {

According to the WHO, 15 million people worldwide suffer a stroke annually. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. Patients endure the impacts of strokes during their rehabilitation and afterward, placing economical and emotional burdens on family and community. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of the USA, the research performed a large-scale prospective analysis to examine how demographics, socioeconomic factors, cognition, emotion, and physical activity predict functional impairment and mortality. Multiple regression was employed to identify statistically significant variables that predict longitudinal Activities of Daily Life (ADLs). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, a supervised machine learning approach, was deliberately chosen to obtain the subset of predictors that provide the best possible classification for the dependent variable. The LASSO regression produced a model with a fair mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.75 in predicting the risk of the patient{\textquoteright}s mortality. My findings also uncovered the important roles of BMI, mobility, muscle strength, memory, mental status, and socioeconomic status play in the long-term ADLs and survival of patients with stroke.

}, keywords = {ADLs, Lasso, longitudinal, multi-domain, pre- and post-stroke, Rehabilitation}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915653}, author = {Zhu, Hansheng} } @article {11416, title = {The dynamic association between body mass index and cognition from midlife through late-life, and the effect of sex and genetic influences}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, pages = {7206}, abstract = {Body mass index (BMI) is associated with cognitive abilities, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationship from midlife through late-life, while considering sex differences and genetic predisposition to higher BMI. We used data from 23,892 individuals of European ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study, with longitudinal data on BMI and three established cognitive indices: mental status, episodic memory, and their sum, called total cognition. To investigate the dynamic relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, we applied dual change score models of change from age 50 through 89, with a breakpoint at age 65 or 70. Models were further stratified by sex and genetic predisposition to higher BMI using tertiles of a polygenic score for BMI (PGSBMI). We demonstrated bidirectional effects between BMI and all three cognitive indices, with higher BMI contributing to steeper decline in cognitive abilities in both midlife and late-life, and higher cognitive abilities contributing to less decline in BMI in late-life.\ The effects of BMI on change in cognitive abilities were more evident in men compared to women, and among those in the lowest tertile of the PGSBMI compared to those in the highest tertile, while the effects of cognition on BMI were similar across groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight a reciprocal relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, indicating that the negative effects of a higher BMI persist from midlife through late-life, and that weight-loss in late-life may be driven by cognitive decline.}, keywords = {Cognition, Epidemiology, Genetics, longitudinal, Obesity}, isbn = {2693-5015}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-186197/v1}, author = {Ida Karlsson and Margaret Gatz and Thalida E. Arpawong and Anna K. Dahl Aslan and Chandra A Reynolds} } @article {11254, title = {Longitudinal Association Between Hearing Loss, Vision Loss, Dual Sensory Loss, and Cognitive Decline.}, journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, volume = {69}, year = {2021}, pages = {644-650}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To better understand the role of sensory loss as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, this study examined cognitive decline in relation to single modality hearing or vision loss and dual sensory loss.

DESIGN: Longitudinal secondary data analysis.

SETTING: The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and its supplement: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS).

PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 73 and older (N = 295).

MEASUREMENTS: Hearing loss was defined by an inability to hear sounds of 25 dB at frequencies between 0.5 and 4.0 kHz in either ear. Vision loss was defined as having corrected binocular vision worse than 20/40. Dual sensory loss was defined as having both hearing and vision loss. We used one time point of hearing and vision data objectively measured in ADAMS Wave C (June 2006-May 2008) and five waves of cognitive function data measured by the HRS version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in HRS (2006-2014). Multilevel mixed models were used.

RESULTS: Among the participants, 271 completed a hearing assessment and 120 had hearing loss; 292 completed a vision assessment and 115 had vision loss; 52 had dual sensory loss. Older adults with hearing loss had a significantly faster rate of cognitive decline as they aged compared to those with normal hearing (β = -0.16, P < .05). No significant association was found between vision loss and the rate of cognitive decline (β = -0.06, P = .41). Older adults who had dual sensory loss likewise had a significantly faster rate of cognitive decline as they age (β = -0.23, P < .05) compared to those with no sensory loss.

CONCLUSION: Older adults with hearing loss and dual sensory loss have faster rates of cognitive decline than those with normal sensory function.

}, keywords = {ADAMS, Cognitive decline, Dementia, Hearing loss, longitudinal, vision loss}, issn = {1532-5415}, doi = {10.1111/jgs.16933}, author = {Ge, Shaoqing and McConnell, Eleanor S and Bei Wu and Pan, Wei and Dong, XinQi and Brenda L Plassman} } @article {11380, title = {Memory and Personality Development in Adulthood: Evidence From Four Longitudinal Studies.}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology, Series B }, volume = {76}, year = {2021}, pages = {88-97}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is known about whether memory is related to personality development across adulthood. Using 4 samples, the present study tests whether memory level and change are related to personality change in adulthood.

METHOD: Participants were drawn from 2 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates (WLSG; N = 3,232, mean age = 64.28, SD = 0.65) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Siblings (WLSS; N = 1,570, mean age = 63.52, SD = 6.69) samples, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,901, mean age = 55.43, SD = 10.98), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6,038, mean age = 65.47, SD = 8.28). Immediate and delayed recall and the 5 major personality traits were assessed at baseline and follow-up.

RESULTS: There was heterogeneity in the associations across samples. A meta-analysis of latent change in the four samples indicated that lower baseline memory performance was related to an increase in neuroticism (B = -0.002; 95\% CI = -0.004, -0.0008) and a decrease in agreeableness (B = 0.004; 95\% CI = 0.002, 0.007) and conscientiousness (B = 0.005; 95\% CI = 0.0008, 0.010). In addition, declines in memory were related to steeper declines in extraversion (B = 0.06; 95\% CI = 0.003, 0.11), openness (B = 0.04; 95\% CI = 0.007, 0.069), and conscientiousness (B = 0.05; 95\% CI = 0.019, 0.09).

DISCUSSION: The present study indicates that poor memory and declines in memory over time are related to maladaptive personality change. These associations, however, were small and inconsistent across samples.

}, keywords = {Adulthood, longitudinal, Memory, Personality Development}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbaa086}, author = {Yannick Stephan and Angelina R Sutin and Martina Luchetti and Antonio Terracciano} } @article {11693, title = {Self-Rated Health and Incident Dementia over Two Decades: Replication Across Two Cohorts}, journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research}, volume = {143}, year = {2021}, pages = {462-466}, abstract = {This prospective study examined the association between self-rated health and incident dementia in two large cohorts of middle-aged and older adults. Participants were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N= 13,839, Mean Age= 64.32, SD= 9.04) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N=4649, Mean Age = 64.44, SD= 9.97). Self-rated health and covariates were assessed at baseline in 1998 and 2002, and cognitive status was tracked for up to 21 years in HRS and 17 years in ELSA, respectively. Controlling for demographic factors, poorer self-rated health was associated with higher risk of incident dementia in HRS (HR: 1.18, 95\%CI: 1.12-1.24, p<.001) and ELSA (HR: 1.38, 95\%CI: 1.23-1.55, p<.001). These associations remained significant when diabetes, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, personality, and polygenic risk for Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease were included as additional covariates or when cases occurring within the first ten years of follow-up were excluded from the analyses. There was no replicable evidence that age, sex, education, race or ethnicity moderated the association. Self-rated health is a long-term, replicable predictor of incident dementia that is independent of genetic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors.}, keywords = {Dementia, longitudinal, Risk Factors, Self-rated health}, isbn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.036}, author = {Yannick Stephan and Angelina R Sutin and Martina Luchetti and Damaris Aschwanden and Antonio Terracciano} } @article {10838, title = {Age-dependent effects of body mass index across the adult life span on the risk of dementia: a cohort study with a genetic approach}, journal = {BMC medicine}, volume = {18}, year = {2020}, abstract = {BACKGROUNDWhile a high body mass index (BMI) in midlife is associated with higher risk of dementia, high BMI in late-life may be associated with lower risk. This study combined genetic designs with longitudinal data to achieve a better understanding of this paradox.METHODSWe used longitudinal data from 22,156 individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry (STR) and 25,698 from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The STR sample had information about BMI from early adulthood through late-life, and the HRS sample from age 50 through late-life. Survival analysis was applied to investigate age-specific associations between BMI and dementia risk. To examine if the associations are influenced by genetic susceptibility to higher BMI, an interaction between BMI and a polygenic score for BMI (PGSBMI) was included in the models and results stratified into those with genetic predisposition to low, medium, and higher BMI. In the STR, co-twin control models were applied to adjust for familial factors beyond those captured by the PGSBMI.RESULTSAt age 35-49, 5 units higher BMI was associated with 15\% (95\% CI 7-24\%) higher risk of dementia in the STR. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.04) between BMI and the PGSBMI, and the association present only among those with genetic predisposition to low BMI (HR 1.38, 95\% CI 1.08-1.78). Co-twin control analyses indicated genetic influences. After age 80, 5 units higher BMI was associated with 10-11\% lower risk of dementia in both samples. There was a significant interaction between late-life BMI and the PGSBMI in the STR (p = 0.01), but not the HRS, with the inverse association present only among those with a high PGSBMI (HR 0.70, 95\% CI 0.52-0.94). No genetic influences were evident from co-twin control models of late-life BMI.CONCLUSIONSNot only does the association between BMI and dementia differ depending on age at BMI measurement, but also the effect of genetic influences. In STR, the associations were only present among those with a BMI in opposite direction of their genetic predisposition, indicating that the association between BMI and dementia across the life course might be driven by environmental factors and hence likely modifiable.}, keywords = {Body Mass Index, Dementia, Index Medicus, Life span, longitudinal, Obesity paradox, polygenic score, Twin design}, doi = {10.1186/s12916-020-01600-2}, author = {Ida Karlsson and Lehto, Kelli and Margaret Gatz and Chandra A Reynolds and Anna K. Dahl Aslan} } @article {10706, title = {Association of traumatic brain injury with dementia and memory decline in older adults in the United States}, journal = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s \& Dementia}, volume = {16}, year = {2020}, pages = {853-861}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction To examine associations of history of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) with loss of consciousness (LOC) with dementia incidence and memory decline. Methods We studied 2718 participants from the 1992 enrollment cohort of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) aged 65 years or older in 2000. History of TBI with LOC was self-reported in 1992. Dementia was assessed using four algorithms established in HRS. Participants were followed from 2000 to 2014 with repeated measures of dementia and memory performance. Cox models and linear mixed-effects models were used. Results In 1992, 11.9\% of the participants reported a history of TBI with LOC. In fully adjusted models for all four algorithms, participants with a history of TBI with LOC had no statistically significant difference in dementia incidence nor in memory decline, compared to participants without TBI history. Discussion Our study did not find evidence of a long-term association between history of TBI with LOC (of unknown frequency and severity) and dementia incidence or memory decline.}, keywords = {Cognitive decline, Dementia, longitudinal, Traumatic Brain Injury}, doi = {10.1002/alz.12080}, author = {Grasset, Leslie and M. Maria Glymour and Kristine Yaffe and Swift, Samuel L. and Kan Z Gianattasio and Melinda C Power and Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri} } @article {CHO2020, title = {The bidirectional relationships between effort-reward imbalance and sleep problems among older workers}, journal = {Sleep Health}, year = {2020}, type = {Journal}, abstract = {Background Sleep problems are common among working individuals. A growing body of research has documented that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) predicts poor sleep outcomes. Objective Extending this literature, we investigated the bidirectional relationship between ERI and sleep problems; for each direction, we tested predictor{\textquoteright}s baseline level and its changes over time. Data We drew a subsample of older workers aged 55 years and older from the Health and Retirement Study (N=860). Design We examined whether baseline ERI and ERI changes predict sleep problems at follow-up. In parallel, we examined whether baseline sleep problems and sleep problem changes predict ERI at follow-up. Results For the ERI-to-sleep-problems direction, baseline ERI predicted the experience of any sleep problems at follow-up. The odds of experiencing sleep problems at follow-up was higher among respondents who consistently perceived ERI over the 4-year compared with those who remain balanced. For the sleep-problems-to-ERI direction, baseline sleep problems predicted ERI at follow-up. Older workers who repeatedly reported sleep problems over the 4-year period had the greatest odds to perceive ERI at follow-up. Conclusion ERI and sleep problems are reciprocally related among older workers. Both ERI and sleep problems change over time, hence considering their dynamic nature may provide additional insights.}, keywords = {Changes, Effort-reward imbalance model, longitudinal, Reciprocal, Senior workers}, issn = {2352-7218}, doi = {10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.008}, author = {Eunae Cho and Tuo-Yu Chen} } @article {MCLAUGHLIN202021, title = {Educational differences in trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing in midlife and older Americans}, journal = {Maturitas}, volume = {134}, year = {2020}, pages = {21 - 28}, abstract = {Objectives To advance knowledge of the influence of educational level on trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing in midlife and older Americans. Study design Data are from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of Americans age 51 and over. We used generalized estimating equations to examine trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing by level of education among 17,591 adults followed over a 14-year period. Educational level was categorized as less than a high school diploma, high school diploma, some college education, and a college or higher degree. Potential determinants included demographic factors, early-life characteristics (childhood health and childhood poverty), health-related factors (health behaviours, physical and mental health conditions), and psychosocial characteristics (perceived neighbourhood safety, volunteerism, and work status). Main outcome measures Informed by earlier work, we defined healthy ageing as freedom from cognitive impairment, freedom from disability, and high physical functioning. Results The log odds of healthy ageing declined over time in all educational groups. Importantly, the decline was smaller in adults with a college or higher degree than in those without a high school diploma. Age, gender, wealth, health behaviours, productive engagement, depressive symptoms, and the presence of chronic conditions predicted healthy ageing across the educational spectrum; however, the impact of several factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, childhood poverty, and volunteerism) varied by educational level. Conclusions Education shapes trajectories of healthy ageing in the United States. Similarities and differences in determinants of healthy ageing are evident across levels of education. Findings highlight broad-based and education-specific targets for intervention.}, keywords = {longitudinal, socioeconomic status, Successful ageing}, issn = {0378-5122}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.01.002}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512219304414}, author = {Sara J McLaughlin and Seonjin Kim and Lydia W Li and Jiaan Zhang} } @article {doi:10.1080/01634372.2020.1744057, title = {Formal Volunteering Buffers the Negative Impact of Unemployment among Older Workers: A Longitudinal Analysis}, journal = {Journal of Gerontological Social Work}, year = {2020}, note = {PMID: 32191615}, pages = {1-20}, type = {Journal}, abstract = {ABSTRACTGuided by Jahoda{\textquoteright}s Latent Deprivation Theory, this study examined whether engaging in formal volunteering could moderate the negative impact of unemployment on older workers{\textquoteright} mental health. This study also explored the optimal intensity/hours of volunteering required to have a positive effect. This study analyzed six waves (12 years) of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study using fixed effects modeling. The outcome variable was depressive symptoms, and the independent variables were labor force status and volunteering status. Observed time-varying confounders were controlled. There was a significant interaction between engaging in formal volunteering and unemployment status. Unemployed older workers who participated in volunteering fared better than those unemployed workers who did not volunteer. Further, those unemployed older workers who volunteered over 100 hours/year did not benefit from volunteering. Results from this study have important implications for future intervention development targeting the mental health of unemployed older workers.}, keywords = {buffer, Jahoda, longitudinal, moderation}, doi = {10.1080/01634372.2020.1744057}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01634372.2020.1744057?scroll=top\&needAccess=true}, author = {Jie Yang} } @article {11177, title = {Incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with occupation, industry, and workplace exposures in the Health and Retirement Study.}, journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Chronic health effects from accumulated occupational exposures manifest as the workforce ages. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a panel survey of U.S. adults nearing/in retirement, allows assessment of associations among industry and occupation (I/O), workplace exposures, and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS: The study population comprised respondents from the 1992 HRS cohort employed in 1972 or later and not diagnosed with COPD as of initial interview. We examined associations with incident COPD through 2016 and: (1) broad and selected detailed I/O, (2) workplace exposures, and (3) exposures within I/O. Given the cohort{\textquoteright}s baseline age (50-62), we calculated subhazard ratios (SHRs) for COPD accounting for competing risk of death.

RESULTS: SHRs for COPD were significantly elevated for several industries: mining; blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills; groceries and related products; and automotive repair shops. Occupations with significantly elevated SHRs were maids and housemen; farmworkers; vehicle/mobile equipment mechanics and repair workers; material moving equipment operators; and nonconstruction laborers. Significantly elevated COPD SHRs were observed for specific I/O-exposure pairs: blast furnace/steelworks/rolling/finishing mills and asbestos; automotive repair shops and aerosol paints; farmworkers and pesticide exposures; and both material moving equipment operators and nonconstruction laborers exposed to dust and ash.

CONCLUSIONS: Certain jobs and occupational exposures are associated with increased risk for developing COPD in late preretirement and during retirement. Given the disability and economic costs of COPD, these findings support focusing exposure prevention and medical monitoring resources on groups of workers at increased risk.

}, keywords = {COPD, exposure, longitudinal, Occupation}, issn = {1097-0274}, doi = {10.1002/ajim.23196}, author = {Silver, Sharon R and Alarcon, Walter A and Li, Jia} } @article {10950, title = {Personality And Self-Rated Health Across Eight Cohort Studies}, journal = {Social Science \& Medicine}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Rationale There is substantial evidence for the predictive value of single-item selfrated health measures for a range of health outcomes. Past research has found an association between personality traits and self-rated health. However, there has not been a multi-cohort large-scale study that has examined this link, and few studies have examined the association between personality and change in self-rated health. Objective To examine the concurrent and longitudinal association between personality and self-rated health.MethodParticipants were individuals aged from 16 to 107 years (N> 46,000) drawn from eight large longitudinal samples from the US, Europe, and Japan. Brief measures of the five-factor model of personality, a single item measure of self-rated health, and covariates (age, sex, and education, and race) were assessed at baseline and self-rated health was measured again 3 to 20 years later. Results In cross-sectional analyses, higher neuroticism was related to lower self-rated health whereas higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with better self-rated health across most samples. A meta-analysis revealed that a one standard deviation higher neuroticism was related to more than 50\% higher risk of fair to poor health, whereas a one standard deviation higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness was associated with at least 15\% lower risk of fair or poor health. A similar pattern was found in longitudinal analyses: personality was associated with risk of self-rated excellent/very good/good health at baseline becoming fair/poor at follow-up. In multilevel analyses, however, personality was weakly related to trajectories of self-rated health and in the opposite of the expected direction. Conclusions The present study shows replicable cross-sectional and small longitudinal associations between personality and self-rated health. This study suggests that lower neuroticism, higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness are related to more favorable self-evaluations of health.}, keywords = {Adulthood, ELSA, longitudinal, Personality, Self-rated health}, isbn = {0277-9536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113245}, author = {Yannick Stephan and Angelina R Sutin and Martina Luchetti and Hognon, Louis and Canada, Brice and Antonio Terracciano} } @article {11185, title = {Personality, Retirement, and Cognitive Impairment: Moderating and Mediating Associations.}, journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits, including higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism, are associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. In this research, we test whether retirement status moderates and/or mediates the relation between personality and cognitive impairment. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study ( = 9899), a longitudinal study of Americans over the age of 50 years, to examine moderating and mediating associations between personality traits and retirement status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) over an 8-10~year follow-up. Personality and retirement each had strong, independent associations with risk of dementia and CIND. There were not, however, strong or consistent, moderating or mediating associations between personality and retirement predicting impairment risk. Overall, these results indicate that personality and retirement are independent risk factors for incident cognitive impairment. Mechanisms other than retirement are likely to explain this association.

}, keywords = {cognitive impairment, Dementia, longitudinal, Personality, Retirement}, issn = {1552-6887}, doi = {10.1177/0898264320969080}, author = {Jason E Strickhouser and Angelina R Sutin} } @article {2020-13542-00120200221, title = {Social capital and health status: Longitudinal race and ethnicity differences in older adults from 2006 to 2014.}, journal = {International Journal of Public Health}, volume = {65}, year = {2020}, pages = {291-302}, abstract = {AbstractObjectivesWe examined the longitudinal associations of social capital on self-rated health and differences by race/ethnicity in older adults.MethodsWe used Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of US adults aged >= 50 years evaluated every 2 years (2006{\textendash}2014) (N = 18,859). We investigated the relationship between social capital indicators (neighborhood social cohesion/physical disorder, positive/negative social support) with self-rated health accounting for age, gender, education and stratified by race/ethnicity. We used structural equation multilevel modeling estimating the associations: within-wave and between-persons.ResultsWe observed between-persons-level associations among social capital indicators and self-rated health. Individuals with overall levels of positive social support and neighborhood social cohesion tended to have overall better self-rated health [correlations 0.21 (p < 0.01) and 0.29 (p < 0.01), respectively]. For Hispanics, the corr}, keywords = {Health Status, longitudinal, Multilevel, No terms assigned, Older Adults, Racial differences, Social capital}, issn = {1661-8556}, doi = {10.1007/s00038-020-01341-2}, author = {Villalonga-Olives, Ester and Josue Almansa and Knott, Cheryl L. and Ransome, Yusuf} } @article {2019-63611-00120191017, title = {Change in weight and personality in middle-aged and older adults.}, journal = {Psychology \& Health}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective: Personality is associated with weight change and the development of obesity across adulthood. The present study examines whether significant weight change, including weight loss and weight gain, is related to personality change in a large longitudinal sample of middle-aged and older adults.Design: Participants were adults aged 50{\textendash}92 years (N > 5000; 59\% women, Mean age= 65.51, SD= 8.20) drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Personality, demographic, health and staff assessed weight and height were obtained at baseline and 8 years later.Main Outcome Measures: Personality traits.Results: Both weight loss and weight gain greater than 10\% of baseline weight were related to a steeper decline in extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. Weight loss was further associated with the maintenance of neuroticism and to a steeper decline in agreeableness. This overall pattern of personality change was also associated with both unhealthy and healthy weight change. The associations were not moderated by BMI and generally remained significant after accounting for disease burden.Conclusion: The present study provides new evidence that both weight loss and weight gain are related to change in personality.}, keywords = {health, longitudinal, No terms assigned, Personality, weight}, issn = {0887-0446}, doi = {10.1080/08870446.2019.1679372}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31631712}, author = {Yannick Stephan and Angelina R Sutin and Antonio Terracciano} } @article {2019-66844-00120191114, title = {Loneliness and hostility in older adults: A cross-lagged model.}, journal = {Psychology and Aging}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Loneliness takes a meaningful toll on individuals{\textquoteright} physical and mental well-being. One of its possible consequences is the perception that others are not to be trusted and are a source of wrongdoing, defined as cynical hostility. At the same time, cynical hostility could also deter individuals from seeking the comfort of close social relationships. We use the Health and Retirement Study to test a cross-lagged model of hostility and loneliness in a sample of 7500 older adults. The results suggest that there are bidirectional associations between hostility and loneliness. The findings are discussed in light of existing theories on human development, and practical implications are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {Aging, cross-lagged, Cynicism, Hostility, HRS, Loneliness, longitudinal, Test Construction, Well Being}, issn = {0882-7974}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31724411}, author = {Dikla Segel-Karpas and Liat Ayalon} } @article {2019-52815-00120190903, title = {Predicting current and future anxiety symptoms in cognitively intact older adults with memory complaints.}, journal = {International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, volume = {34}, year = {2019}, pages = {1874-1882}, abstract = {Objectives Memory complaints are a common concern for older adults and may co-occur with anxiety symptoms. Although both memory complaints and anxiety are associated with heightened cognitive decline risk, little is known about how these symptoms develop over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential concurrent and longitudinal relationships among anxiety symptoms and two types of memory complaints in cognitively intact older adults. Methods/Design The current study sample was drawn from two longitudinal, nationally representative datasets, the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Cognitively intact older adults aged 65 and over were included, representing six (n = 5069; NHATS) and two (n = 5284; HRS) waves of data, respectively. Using multilevel linear modeling, we tested bidirectional relationships between anxiety and two types of memory complaints: current rating of memory performance and perceived memory de}, keywords = {Anxiety, coordinated analysis, longitudinal, memory complaints, No terms assigned}, issn = {0885-6230}, doi = {10.1002/gps.5204}, author = {Nikki L Hill and Mogle, Jacqueline and Tyler Reed Bell and Bhargava, Sakshi and Wion, Rachel K. and Bhang, Iris} } @article {doi:10.1002/sim.8423, title = {Robust estimation of the causal effect of time-varying neighborhood factors on health outcomes}, journal = {Statistics in Medicine}, volume = {n/a}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The fundamental difficulty of establishing causal relationships between an exposure and an outcome in observational data involves disentangling causality from confounding factors. This problem underlies much of neighborhoods research, which abounds with studies that consider associations between neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes in longitudinal data. Such analyses are confounded by selection issues; individuals with above average health outcomes (or associated characteristics) may self-select into advantaged neighborhoods. Techniques commonly used to assess causal inferences in observational longitudinal data, such as inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), may be inappropriate in neighborhoods data due to unique characteristics of such data. We advance the IPTW toolkit by introducing a procedure based on a multivariate kernel density function which is more appropriate for neighborhoods data. The proposed weighting method is applied in conjunction with a marginal structural model. Our empirical analyses use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study; our exposure of interest is an index of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES), and we examine its influence on cognitive function. Our findings illustrate the importance of the choice of method for IPTW{\textemdash}the comparison weighting methods provide poor balance across the set of covariates (which is not the case for our preferred procedure) and yield misleading results when applied in the outcomes models. The utility of the multivariate kernel is also validated via simulation. In addition, our findings emphasize the importance of IPTW{\textemdash}controlling for covariates within a regression without IPTW indicates that NSES affects cognition, whereas IPTW-weighted models fail to show a statistically significant effect.}, keywords = {Causality, doubly robust, inverse probability of treatment weighting, kernel density, longitudinal, neighborhood}, doi = {10.1002/sim.8423}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.8423}, author = {Robbins, Michael W. and Griffin, Beth Ann and Regina A Shih and Mary E Slaughter} }