@article {11714,
	title = {Beyond Hours Worked and Dollars Earned: Multidimensional EQ, Retirement Trajectories and Health in Later Life},
	journal = {Work Aging and Retirement},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {51-73},
	abstract = {The working lives of Americans have become less stable over the past several decades and older adults may be particularly vulnerable to these changes in employment quality (EQ). We aimed to develop a multidimensional indicator of EQ among older adults and identify EQ and retirement trajectories in the United States. Using longitudinal data on employment stability, material rewards, workers{\textquoteright} rights, working-time arrangements, unionization, and interpersonal power relations from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we used principal component analysis to construct an EQ score. Then, we used sequence analysis to identify late-career EQ trajectories (age 50{\textendash}70 years; N = 11,958 respondents), overall and by sociodemographics (race, gender, educational attainment, marital status). We subsequently examined the sociodemographic, employment, and health profiles of these trajectories. We identified 10 EQ trajectories; the most prevalent trajectories were Minimally Attached and Wealthy (13.9\%) and Good EQ to Well-off Retirement (13.7\%), however, 42\% of respondents were classified into suboptimal trajectories. Those in suboptimal trajectories were disproportionately women, people of color, and less-educated. Individuals in the Poor EQ to Delayed and Poor Retirement and Unattached and Poor clusters self-reported the greatest prevalence of poor health and depression, while individuals in the Wealthy Business Owners and Great EQ to Well-off Retirement clusters self-reported the lowest prevalence of poor health and depression at baseline. Trajectories were substantially constrained for women of color. Although our study demonstrates EQ is inequitably distributed in later life, labor organizing and policy change may afford opportunities to improve EQ and retirement among marginalized populations.},
	keywords = {employment quality, health, Retirement},
	isbn = {2054-4650},
	doi = {10.1093/workar/waab012},
	author = {Sarah B. Andrea and Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy and Vanessa M Oddo and Peckham, Trevor and Jacoby, Daniel and Hajat, Anjum}
}
@article {11733,
	title = {Intersectional trends in employment quality in older adults in the United States},
	journal = {SSM - Population Health},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {100868},
	abstract = {Americans{\textquoteright} working lives have become more precarious over the past several decades. Worsening employment quality has been linked to poorer physical and mental health and may disproportionately impact marginalized working populations. We examined differences in the quality and character of worker-employer relationships among older workers in the United States (US) across intersecting gender-racial/ethnic-educational subgroups. Using longitudinal data on employment stability, material rewards, workers{\textquoteright} rights, working-time arrangements, unionization, and interpersonal power relations from the Health and Retirement Study (1992{\textendash}2016), we used principal components analysis to construct an employment quality (EQ) score. We estimated intersectional differences in EQ, overall and over time, using generalized estimating equations. Overall, EQ was greatest for white men with college degrees and poorest for Latinx women with < high school degrees. Over time, EQ tended to remain unchanged or slightly worsen across intersectional strata; the greatest EQ reduction was for Latinx women with college degrees, while the greatest improvement was for white women with high school degrees. There are enduring and growing inequities in EQ for older marginalized adults in the US, which may contribute to growing health inequities.},
	keywords = {employment quality, Inequities, Intersectionality, Precarious employment},
	isbn = {2352-8273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100868},
	author = {Sarah B. Andrea and Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy and Peckham, Trevor and Vanessa M Oddo and Hajat, Anjum}
}
@article {AndreaA153,
	title = {S-207 Multidimensional employment quality, retirement trajectories and cardiometabolic health in later life in the US},
	journal = {Occupational and Environmental Medicine},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {A153{\textendash}A154},
	abstract = {Introduction The working lives of Americans have become less stable over the past several decades and older adults may be particularly vulnerable to these changes in employment quality (EQ).Objective We examined later-life multidimensional EQ and retirement trajectories of older Americans and the potential consequences worsening EQ may have for cardiometabolic health and health inequities in this population.Methods Using longitudinal data on employment stability, material rewards, workers{\textquoteright} rights, working-time arrangements, unionization, and interpersonal power relations from the Health and Retirement Study, we used principal component analysis to construct an EQ score. Then, we used sequence analysis to identify late-career EQ trajectories (age 50{\textendash}70 years; N=11,958 respondents), overall and by race, gender, educational attainment, marital status. Finally, we estimated the association between trajectory-membership and post-sequence-analysis-period prevalence of poor cardiometabolic health.Results We identified ten EQ trajectories; the most prevalent trajectories were Minimally Attached and Wealthy (13.9\%) and Good EQ to Good Retirement (13.7\%), however, 42\% of respondents were classified into suboptimal trajectories. Those in suboptimal trajectories were disproportionately women, Hispanic and/or Black, Indigenous and People of Color, and those with lower educational attainment. Moreover, those in suboptimal trajectories tended to report the worse cardiometabolic health. For example, the prevalence of hypertension was lowest for those in the Wealthy Business Owners trajectory and highest for Workers with Premature Mortality, followed by workers with Fair EQ and Good but Diminishing Wealth in Retirement.Conclusion EQ is inequitably distributed and may play a role in cardiometabolic health inequities in later life.},
	keywords = {cardiometabolic health, employment quality, Retirement},
	issn = {1351-0711},
	doi = {10.1136/OEM-2021-EPI.420},
	author = {Sarah B. Andrea and Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy and Peckham, Trevor and Vanessa M Oddo and Hajat, Anjum}
}
