%0 Journal Article %J Science %D 2013 %T GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. %A Cornelius A Rietveld %A Sarah E Medland %A Derringer, Jaime %A Yang, Jian %A Tõnu Esko %A Martin, Nicolas W %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Shakhbazov, Konstantin %A Abdel Abdellaoui %A Agrawal, Arpana %A Albrecht, Eva %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Amin, Najaf %A Barnard, John %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Benke, Kelly S %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Boatman, Jeffrey A %A Patricia A. Boyle %A Gail Davies %A Christiaan de Leeuw %A Eklund, Niina %A Daniel S Evans %A Rudolf Ferhmann %A Fischer, Krista %A Gieger, Christian %A Gjessing, Håkon K %A Hägg, Sara %A Harris, Jennifer R %A Caroline Hayward %A Holzapfel, Christina %A Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Jacobsson, Bo %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jugessur, Astanand %A Marika A Kaakinen %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A J. Lahti %A Lee, Sang H %A Lin, Peng %A Penelope A Lind %A Yongmei Liu %A Kurt Lohman %A Loitfelder, Marisa %A McMahon, George %A Vidal, Pedro Marques %A Osorio Meirelles %A Lili Milani %A Myhre, Ronny %A Nuotio, Marja-Liisa %A Christopher J Oldmeadow %A Katja E Petrovic %A Wouter J Peyrot %A Polasek, Ozren %A Quaye, Lydia %A Reinmaa, Eva %A Rice, John P %A Rizzi, Thais S %A Schmidt, Helena %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Jennifer A Smith %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Antonio Terracciano %A van der Loos, Matthijs J H M %A Vitart, Veronique %A Völzke, Henry %A Jürgen Wellmann %A Lei Yu %A Wei Zhao %A Allik, Jüri %A John R. Attia %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Bastardot, François %A Jonathan P. Beauchamp %A David A Bennett %A Klaus Berger %A Laura Bierut %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Bültmann, Ute %A Campbell, Harry %A Chabris, Christopher F %A Cherkas, Lynn %A Chung, Mina K %A Francesco Cucca %A de Andrade, Mariza %A Philip L de Jager %A De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel %A Ian J Deary %A George Dedoussis %A Deloukas, Panos %A Dimitriou, Maria %A Guðny Eiríksdóttir %A Elderson, Martin F %A Johan G Eriksson %A Jessica Faul %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Melissa E Garcia %A Grönberg, Henrik %A Guðnason, Vilmundur %A Hall, Per %A Harris, Juliette M %A Tamara B Harris %A Nicholas D Hastie %A Andrew C Heath %A Dena G Hernandez %A Hoffmann, Wolfgang %A Hofman, Adriaan %A Holle, Rolf %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Iacono, William G %A Illig, Thomas %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kirkpatrick, Robert M %A Kowgier, Matthew %A Latvala, Antti %A Lenore J Launer %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Li, Jingmei %A Paul Lichtenstein %A Lichtner, Peter %A David C Liewald %A Pamela A F Madden %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Mäkinen, Tomi E %A Masala, Marco %A McGue, Matt %A Andres Metspalu %A Mielck, Andreas %A Michael B Miller %A Grant W Montgomery %A Mukherjee, Sutapa %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Ben A Oostra %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Aarno Palotie %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Markus Perola %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Preisig, Martin %A Katri Räikkönen %A Olli T Raitakari %A Realo, Anu %A Ring, Susan M %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Rudan, Igor %A Rustichini, Aldo %A Veikko Salomaa %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schlessinger, David %A Rodney J Scott %A Snieder, Harold %A St Pourcain, Beate %A John M Starr %A Sul, Jae Hoon %A Surakka, Ida %A Svento, Rauli %A Teumer, Alexander %A Henning Tiemeier %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Van Wagoner, David R %A Vartiainen, Erkki %A Viikari, Jorma %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Vonk, Judith M %A Waeber, Gérard %A David R Weir %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Elisabeth Widen %A Gonneke Willemsen %A James F Wilson %A Alan F Wright %A Dalton C Conley %A Davey-Smith, George %A Lude L Franke %A Groenen, Patrick J F %A Hofman, Albert %A Johannesson, Magnus %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Krueger, Robert F %A David I Laibson %A Nicholas G Martin %A Meyer, Michelle N %A Posthuma, Danielle %A A. Roy Thurik %A Nicholas J Timpson %A André G Uitterlinden %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Peter M Visscher %A Daniel J. Benjamin %A Cesarini, David %A Philipp D Koellinger %K Cognition %K Educational Status %K Endophenotypes %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Male %K Multifactorial Inheritance %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

%B Science %V 340 %P 1467-71 %8 2013 Jun 21 %G eng %N 6139 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23722424?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1126/science.1235488